Kenya, alongside countries like Ghana, has broadened labour mobility agreements with nations such as Spain, Qatar, and Caribbean states to tackle youth unemployment. These pacts mainly facilitate jobs in construction, services, and healthcare sectors abroad.
While these initiatives create structured pathways for Kenyans seeking employment overseas, experts caution against relying solely on migration as an economic strategy. Although remittances contribute significantly to Ghana’s GDP—over $4.6 billion in 2024—there are concerns about the long-term impact on critical sectors at home.
Key challenges include:
- Loss of skilled workers in essential areas like health and education, straining public services.
- Uneven protections for migrant workers despite government encouragement of overseas employment.
- The need for effective reintegration support for returning migrants to translate their skills and experience into local development.
Research highlights that migration policies should be part of comprehensive development plans. Labour mobility can boost individual and national growth if paired with strong investments in domestic job creation, education, and institutional support.
Recommendations for a balanced approach include:
- Forming strategic partnerships among governments, employers, and training institutions to align skills development with labour market needs.
- Implementing policies that support returnees with access to finance and employment opportunities.
- Ensuring labour mobility complements rather than replaces efforts to create decent work opportunities within Kenya.
Ultimately, while working abroad offers opportunities, Kenya must prioritize sustainable economic transformation at home to address youth unemployment and foster inclusive growth.
