The Kenya National Examinations Council (KNEC) is grappling with a significant funding deficit that could affect the administration of national exams. According to documents presented to the National Assembly Education Committee, KNEC faces a Sh2.58 billion shortfall in the 2025/26 budget, expected to rise to Sh6.71 billion in 2026/27 if additional resources are not secured.

Despite government allocations increasing to Sh10.5 billion, rising enrolment under the Competency-Based Education (CBE) curriculum has pushed exam costs beyond available funding. Basic Education PS John Ololtua highlighted plans to transition to paperless examinations as a long-term solution to reduce expenses related to printing, packaging, transport, and security of exam materials.

Examination Season and Candidate Numbers

This year, KNEC is preparing for one of its busiest exam periods, with over 3.6 million learners registered for national assessments. These include:

  • 1,380,463 candidates for Kenya Primary School Education Assessment (KPSEA)
  • 1,206,028 candidates for Kenya Junior School Education Assessment (KJSEA)
  • 1,048,355 candidates for Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)

Additionally, KNEC will conduct assessments for learners with severe disabilities under the Stage-Based Curriculum, including the Kenya Intermediate Level Education Assessment (KILEA) and Kenya Pre-vocational Level Education Assessment (KPLEA).

Parliamentary Concerns on Education Standards and Funding

During budget discussions, MPs raised questions about the credibility and standardisation of school-based assessments under the CBE system. Education Committee Chair Julius Melly pressed the ministry on policies concerning school admissions, discipline, and the use of mobile phones in schools.

Concerns were also voiced about government capitation funds reaching schools, with some parents reportedly still paying levies in Junior School despite official funding. Teso South MP Mary Emaase sought clarity on expected parental fees for primary education.

PS Ololtua acknowledged challenges, including a shortage of quality assurance officers, but assured that capitation funds approved by Treasury would be disbursed before the third term. He also pledged stricter enforcement against unauthorized fees in schools.

Addressing School Safety and Transition Policy

The committee highlighted recurring school fires disrupting learning, especially during the second term. While dismissing overcrowding as the sole cause, Ololtua defended the 100% transition policy, noting its role in expanding access to education.

The ministry reported a significant decline in school unrest and fire incidents this year, attributing improvements to enhanced collaboration with security agencies, counselling, fire safety audits, and better supervision.

Looking Ahead

MPs indicated their focus will now shift to ensuring KNEC receives adequate funding to maintain exam integrity and successfully implement digital examinations without compromising national assessment standards.